Elmer Snowden
*Elmer Snowden was born on this date in 1900. He was a Black jazz musician and bandleader.
Elmer Chester Snowden was born in Baltimore, MD., to Gertrude Snowden and had a brother, James. His mother worked as a laundress, but by the time of the 1917 World War I draft registration of 1917, a month before his 17th birthday, he was already listing his occupation as a "musician" while living with his mother. The 1920 Federal Census found him living at home, employed as a "musician in a dance hall." Snowden was a banjoist and the original leader of the Washingtonians, a group he brought to New York City from the capital in 1923.
Unable to get a booking, Snowden sent for Duke Ellington, who was with the group when it recorded three test sides for Victor that remain unissued and are, presumably, lost. Ellington eventually took over the band's leadership, which contained the nucleus of what later became his orchestra. Snowden made numerous appearances as a session musician, sideman, or accompanist on almost every New York City label from 1923, often in trios with Bob Fuller on clarinet and Lou Hooper on piano.
Although these musicians accompanied dozens of well-known female blues singers, they rarely received named credit, except for two sides with Bessie Smith in 1925 and six with the Sepia Serenaders in 1934. Snowden was also a band leader. Count Basie, Jimmie Lunceford, Bubber Miley, "Tricky Sam" Nanton, Frankie Newton, Benny Carter, Rex Stewart, Roy Eldridge, and Chick Webb are among the musicians who worked in his various bands. Very active in the 1920s as an agent and musician, Snowden once had five bands playing under his name in New York, one of which was led by pianist Cliff Jackson. Most of his bands were not recorded, but a Snowden band that included Eldridge, Al Sears, Dicky Wells, and Sid Catlett appeared in a 1932 film, Smash Your Baggage.
He continued to play throughout the 30s, 40s, and 50s but was far from the limelight. After a dispute with the musicians' union in New York, he moved to Philadelphia, where he taught music, counting among his pupils pianist Ray Bryant, his brother, bassist Tommy Bryant, and saxophonist Sahib Shihab (Edmond Gregory). Snowden worked as a parking lot attendant in 1959 when Chris Albertson, a Philadelphia disc jockey, came across him. In 1960, Albertson brought Snowden and singer-guitarist Lonnie Johnson together for two Prestige albums and assembled a quartet, released on the Fontana and Black Lion labels.
In 1963, Snowden appeared at the Newport Jazz Festival. He then moved to California to teach at the University of California, Berkeley. He toured Europe in 1967 with the Newport Guitar Workshop. In the early stages of his career, he played guitar and all the reed instruments. He contributed greatly to jazz in its early days as both a player and a bandleader and is responsible for launching the careers of many top musicians. He has been largely overlooked in jazz history. In 1969, Snowden moved back to Philadelphia, where he died on May 14, 1973.
